The present paper is focused to the shear rheology investigations of the waterinparaffinic oil emulsion at low temperature, where the wax structure is present. Mar 01, 2015 rheology modification of the complex fluids has been addressed using the competency of the selected natural materials. Stability and characterisation of emulsions in the presence. The dispersed phase viscosity relative to that of the medium has an effect on the rheology of the emulsion. In some cases, emulsions may also form in the nearwellbore region, leading to emulsion blockage of porous media kokal et al. The viscosity of emulsions increased with increasing oil concentration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the longterm stability of waterinoil in water wow multiple emulsions with respect to the concentrations of span 83 and tween 80. Physical and rheological properties of oil in water heat stable emulsions made from different stabilizers a. Rheological properties and waterinoil structural stability. This article reports the efficacy of the microparticles of the naturally available material neem azadirachta indica powder as rheology modifier, which in turn offers better consistency, firmness, as well as nutrient value to the emulsions containing juice of aloe barbadenis. The rheology of heavy crude oils and their emulsions. All stable emulsions also increased in viscosity over the time period and this.
The oil phase containing aculyn siltouch rheology modifier can be added to the water phase direct emulsification, or the water phase can be added to the oil phase phase inversion process. The figure as above is oil in water emulsion i made through microscope. The viscous flow behavior of highly flocculated oil in water emulsions was studied experimentally using a coaxial cylinder viscometer. Emulsions of water in crude oil cause flow resistance in particular in the arctic thermal conditions due to very complex fluid rheology. The mobile liquidliquid interface that contains surfactant or polymer layers introduces a response to deformation. Stabilizing the oilinwater emulsions using the mixtures of.
The surfactant sds is purchased from ranbaxy fine chemicals ltd. Sedimentation is prevented or retarded, if it occur then. According to measurement, the max diameter is about 44. Viscosity of the oilinwater pickering emulsion stabilized. Emulsion formation, stability, and rheology tharwat f.
Oil in water and waterinoil emulsions were prepared using surfactants, acid, an basic solutions. Rheology of oil in water emulsions with added solids wiley online. The liquid droplets the disperse phase are dispersed in a liquid medium the continuous phase. Viscosity of the oil in water pickering emulsion stabilized by surfactantpolymer and nanoparticlesurfactantpolymer system koreaaustralia rheology j. In these systems excess particles form a network in the continuous phase which strongly dictates their rheological behavior. C of fine oil in water emulsions volumesurface average diameter nov 10, 2009. The average particle size, zeta potential, microstructure, rheological properties, and physical stability of the emulsions prepared with different. Download and read online rheology of emulsions, ebooks in pdf, epub, tuebl mobi, kindle book. Remarkably, changes of up to 3 orders of magnitude. The effect of the homogenization pressure on the physical stability, critical shear stress and droplet size distribution was analyzed for emulsions with optimized values of the rhamsanwelan ratio.
The product is easily administered from bottle or via syringe needle 2. Rheology, tribology and sensory perception of model dairy. Homogenizers oil water homogenizer homogenization is a unit operation using a class of processing equipment referred to as homogenizers that are geared towards reducing the size of droplets in liquidliquid dispersions. The emulsions were prepared at oil phase volume concentrations ranging from 30 to.
These properties were measured before and after passage through a porous medium of known pore size distribution. Moreover, the presence of emulsions in flow leads to higher pressure drop 6,7, indicating higher energy loss as higher pumping energy is needed in order to maintain the desired mass flow rate. Rheology of sodium caseinate stabilized oilinwater emulsions. The range of the oil concentration, solids free basis, was 0. Physical and rheological properties of oil in water heat. In addition to formation blockage and general difficulty in the separation of oil and water in production facilities, one of the main drawbacks of emulsion formation is an increase in the apparent viscosity of. C of fine oil in water emulsions volumesurface average diameter apr 01, 2000 the creaming and rheology of fine ntetradecane oil in water emulsions at ph 6. The effect of added solids on the rheology of oil in water emulsions was investigated. Rheology of the sesame oilinwater emulsions stabilized. This rheological study includes viscosity dependence vs. These could not be explained by the particle size distribution, phase weight ratio or internal phase viscosity. Effect of droplet size on the rheology of emulsions pal.
Electrohydrodynamics principles studies phenomena at liquidliquid interfaces, including finely dispersed particles or structures, in particular emulsions, double emulsions and biological cells. Brummer rheology essentials of cosmetics springer isbn. Rheology of the sesame oilinwater emulsions stabilized by. Rahimi c a academic member of the department of food science and technology, shahrekord branch, islamic azad university, shahrekord, iran. Light microscopy, creaming volume, and rheological properties were. Results indicate that the droplet size has a dramatic influence on emulsion rheology. Stability and characterisation of emulsions in the.
Unautoclaved and autoclaved emulsions from cetyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate, liquid paraffin with and without bentonite show differences in the dispersion of the globules. Pdf creaming and rheology of oilinwater emulsions annette. Rheological properties of oil in water emulsions prepared with oil and protein isolates from sesame sesamum indicum david ramirez brewer1, jose maria francd2, luis alberto garciazapateird1,2 a received 23 sept. To study this phenomenon more carefully, the creaming behavior of a number of 30 vol% oil in water emulsions was investigated by ultrasound velocity scanning. In addition, the effect of surfactant and electrolyte concentration on emulsion bulk rheological properties was investigated.
The rheology of emulsions is quite similar to the suspension, but differ in three aspects. The study reveals that, the viscosity of the crude oil decreases when it is emulsified with water in the form of an oil in water type of emulsion. Princen hm 1985 rheology of foams and highly concentrated emulsions. Rheology and flow of waterinoil emulsions in porous. Using rheology to characterize flow and viscoelastic. Pdf emulsion types, stability mechanisms and rheology. The latter class may be exemplified by an emulsion consisting of a polar oil e.
Wo emulsions the emulsions were prepared in 2080 and 4060 vol. Jul 01, 2011 creaming and rheology of oil in water emulsions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium caseinate journal of colloid and interface science, 224 2000, pp. Controlling the rheology of montmorillonite stabilized oilin. An interesting observation is that the addition of a relatively small quantity of caseinate can stabilize the sds emulsions against creaming. Factors affecting the perception of creaminess of oil in water emulsions. Rheology of oilinwater emulsions princeton university. Characterizations of oilinwater ow emulsions containing. Stability of submicron oil in water emulsions produced by ultra high pressure homogenization and sodium caseinate as emulsifier, chemical engineering transactions, 32, 18 1818. Pdf rheology of emulsions ebook download and read online. In an wo emulsion, the dispersed water droplets freeze, but not the matrix. Influence of titanium dioxide 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 5 10 15 20 25 droplet concentration wt% l 0% 0. Burgess, rheology and stability of oil in water emulsion through the pipe by using waterinoil in water multiple emulsions rheological properties, orient. The rheology of light crude oil and waterinoilemulsion.
Emulsion types, stability mechanisms and rheology ssrn papers. A group of viscosity coefficients transiting smoothly and incessantly from the thick film region to the thin film region is defined. Creaming and rheology of oilinwater emulsions containing. Heavy oil in water emulsions, especially concentrated emulsions, showed complex rheological properties such as shear thinning behavior, twostep yield stresses, twostep wall slips, and rheopexy. Rice university characterization and rheology of waterinoil. Rheological roperties and waterinoil structural stability of emulsion matrixes 91 the viscosity was tested with a change in shear rate from 10 s1 to 0. Emulsions of oil and water can be formed throughout all processes during the production of petroleum. The range of the oil concentra tion, solids free basis, was 070% and the. Influence of the homogenization pressure on the rheology. Get free rheology of emulsions textbook and unlimited access to our library by created an account. Hydrocolloids as emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers. The emulsion rheology and stability are related to, among other factors, the viscosity or viscoelasticity of the.
The effect of concentration of constituents on emulsion consistency. Whereas dilatational rheology is related to shortterm stability, interfacial shear rheology provides useful information related to the longterm stability of emulsions. Systemic experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of drop sizes on the rheology of waterinoil wo emulsions. The highshearrate newtonian viscosity is not affected by interfacial tension, but. In general these properties must be considered so that. The emulsions were modified by the addition of nacl and na4p2o7 to the continuous phase at varying concentrations. A waterinoil emulsion is the type of emulsions which the continuous phase is usually hydrophobic materials such as oil and the dispersed.
Optimized heavy oilinwater emulsions for flow in pipelines. The properties of these may be very different from those. The liquid droplets the disperse phase are dispersed in a liquid medium. Oil in water emulsions can be easily prepared incorporating aculyn siltouch rheology modifier into the oil phase and then combining with the water phase. Preparation and characterization of oilinwater and water. The determination of the rheology of both waterinoil and oil in water emulsions of crude oil and distilled water. Rheology and flocculation of oilinwater emulsions made. A model for lubrication by oilinwater emulsions journal. Ow dairy emulsions with welldefined droplet size, controlled rheology and sensory analysis thickness and creaminess ahktar, m. As the concentration of fatty alcohol was increased, three main types of behaviour were found.
Nov 10, 2009 a model for oil in water emulsion has been developed in this paper. The book considers the forces of electrical origin that participate in the physical events at liquidliquid. Experimental study of the yield stress and wall effects for concentrated oil in water emulsions. More specifically, the emulsion can be nonnewtonian at some concentration and newtonian at other concentrations. Potentiality of neem a zadirachta indica powder in. Water salinity caused a slight increase in the nonnewtonian behavior of the oil emulsions. Most hydrocolloids can act as stabilizers stabilizing agents of oil in water emulsions, but only a few. All samples show oil in water morphology within experimental ranges of wo ratios 9557030 and cnf loadings clearly, and the emulsion. Water in oil emulsions were prepared by mixing light. All solutions are prepared by using an accurate analytical weighing balance. Studies of water in oil emulsions and techniques to measure. The rheology of hexadecaneinwater emulsions stabilized by montmorillonite platelets was investigated.
The demonstration that emulsion viscosity can be dependent on the shear rate because of nonnewtonian behaviour. Emulsions rheology of suspensions many pharmaceutical products, particularly those for children, are presented as suspension and their rheological properties are important. Rheology of suspensions and emulsions emulsion colloid. Shirazian, prediction of flow behavior of crude 16 j. Preparation and characterization of oilinwater and waterin. Contribution of okra extracts to the stability and rheology.
The stability and rheology of an egyptian heavy crude oil in water emulsions stabilized by an anionic tds and a nonionic npe surfactants individually or in a mixture have been studied. Emulsions are a class of disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquids. For the preparation of the wo emulsion, the surfactant span 83 was added to the crude oil and agitated for 5 minutes under a mechanical agitation of 2000 rpm. These emulsions do not have a sharp freezing point r. Different oil in water emulsions were prepared using a sucrose palmitate se15 wt % with a hydrophiliclipophilic balance of 15. All of the data presented in this paper are for the oilinformamide emulsions stabilized by p105, with the exception of figs. The rheology of emulsions containing oleyl, lauryl or cetostearyl alcohol as the oil. The common types of emulsions are oil in water emulsion and waterinoil emulsion.
With presence of an optimal nonionic demulsifier, emulsion viscosity can be reduced by. At very low interfacial tensions and low volume fractions, the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate and becomes constant at high shear rates. Viscosity, water content and appearance were recorded for a series ofemulsions over periods of up to 14 days. Rheology of waterinoil emulsions with different drop sizes. The viscosity flow curves for emulsions containing more than 20% aqueous phase demonstrate nonnewtonian behavior, in contrast to crude oil. Rheological properties of oilinwater emulsions prepared. Gels and emulsions of medium to high viscosity and smooth texture. Most emulsions increased in viscosity over the time period. The rheology of heavy oil in water emulsions has been characterized with a rotational viscometer. In contrast to a recent opinion 17, these studies show that polydispersity is impor tant in emulsion rheology. Pdf the effect of aqueous phase content and temperature north sea crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior has been studied. The emulsions were characterized by rheology, quality, and drop size distributions. The emulsion morphology is disclosed by the optical micrographs shown in fig. Controlling the rheology of montmorillonite stabilized oil.
Rheology and flow properties of waterinoil emulsions ntnu open. The stability against coalescence of vegetable oil in water food grade emulsions in the presence of both surfactant and colloidal particles hydrophilic silica has been studied and compared to the stability of systems where only the surfactant or the colloidal particles act as the emulsifier. The rheology of light crude oil and waterinoilemulsion core. A pure rhamsan gum solution was selected as the starting point for further study based on the production of thyme oil in water emulsions.
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